@Article{AndreaeAAHABBCCDFJJKKKKKMMMPPPRSSSSSSSVWWWWZ:2017:AeChPa,
author = "Andreae, Meinrat O. and Afchine, Armin and Albrecht, Rachel and
Holanda, Bruna Amorim and Artaxo, Paulo and Barbosa, Henrique M.
J. and Borrmann, Stephan and Cecchini, Micael Amore and Costa,
Anja and Dollner, Maximilian and F{\"u}tterer, Daniel and
J{\"a}rvinen, Emma and Jurkat, Tina and Klimach, Thomas and
Konemann, Tobias and Knote, Christoph and Kr{\"a}mer, Martina and
Krisna, Trismono and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and Mertes,
Stephan and Minikin, Andreas and P{\"o}hlker, Christopher and
P{\"o}hlker, Mira L. and P{\"o}schl, Ulrich and Rosenfeld,
Daniel and Sauer, Daniel and Schlager, Hans and Schnaiter, Martin
and Schneider, Johannes and Schulz, Christiane and Spanu, Antonio
and Sperling, Vicinius Banda and Voigt, Christine and Walser,
Adrian and Wang, Jian and Weinzierl, Bernadett and Wendisch,
Manfred and Ziereis, Helmut",
affiliation = "{Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Forschungszentrum
J{\"u}lich} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Max
Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o
Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Max
Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich}
and {Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and {Institute of
Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology}
and {Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and {Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry}
and {Ludwig Maximilian University} and {Forschungszentrum
J{\"u}lich} and {Leipzig University} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Leibniz Institute for
Tropospheric Research} and {Institute of Atmospheric Physics
(IPA)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry}
and {The Hebrew University of Jerusalem} and {Institute of
Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and {Institute of Atmospheric Physics
(IPA)} and {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology} and {Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry}
and {Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Institute of
Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and {Ludwig Maximilian University} and
{Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Institute of Atmospheric
Physics (IPA)} and {Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA)} and
{Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA)}",
title = "Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper
troposphere over the Amazon Basin",
journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion",
year = "2017",
volume = "694",
pages = "1--95",
month = "Aug.",
abstract = "Airborne observations over the Amazon Basin showed high aerosol
particle concentrations in the upper troposphere (UT) between 8
and 15 km altitude, with number densities (normalized to standard
temperature and pressure) often exceeding those in the planetary
boundary layer (PBL) by one or two orders of magnitude. The
measurements were made during the German-Brazilian cooperative
aircraft campaign ACRIDICON-CHUVA on the German High Altitude and
Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO). The campaign took place in
September/October 2014, with the objective of studying tropical
deep convective clouds over the Amazon rain-forest and their
interactions with atmospheric trace gases, aerosol particles, and
atmospheric radiation.Aerosol enhancements were observed
consistently on all flights during which the UT was probed, using
several aerosol metrics, including condensation nuclei (CN) and
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations and chemical
species mass concentrations. The UT particles differed in their
chemical composition and size distribution from those in the PBL,
ruling out convective transport of combustion-derived particles
from the BL as a source. The air in the immediate outflow of deep
convective clouds was depleted in aerosol particles, whereas
strongly enhanced number concentrations of small particles (<90 nm
diameter) were found in UT regions that had experienced outflow
from deep convection in the preceding 5-72 hours. We also found
elevated concentrations of larger (>90 nm) particles in the UT,
which consisted mostly of organic matter and nitrate and were very
effective CCN. Our findings suggest a conceptual model, where
production of new aerosol particles takes place in the UT from
volatile material brought up by deep convection, which is
converted to condensable species in the UT. Subsequently, downward
mixing and transport of upper tropospheric aerosol can be a source
of particles to the PBL, where they increase in size by the
condensation of biogenic volatile organic carbon (BVOC) oxidation
products. This may be an important source of aerosol particles in
the Amazonian PBL, where aerosol nucleation and new particle
formation has not been observed. We propose that this may have
been the dominant process supplying secondary aerosol particles in
the pristine atmosphere, making clouds the dominant control of
both removal and production of atmospheric particles.",
doi = "10.5194/acp-2017-694",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-694",
issn = "1680-7367",
language = "en",
targetfile = "andreae_aerosol.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}